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Thursday, April 2, 2009

Oil Futures Contracts Make a Sound Investment

By Derek Powell

Invest in oil futures contracts as they offer various trading options and solid risk management. Among all commodities, light sweet crude oil, which is commonly used in heating oil, gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel, is the most popular worldwide. As such, it is traded rather aggressively.

With oil futures contracts, you have a legally binding agreement to purchase or sell a particular amount of oil at a certain price at a future time. The price is based on supply and demand at any given time. As the market has shown, supply and demand of oil fluctuates almost daily. Those who invest in future contracts have the option of a cash settlement or having the actual oil delivered to a specified location.

The unit of measure for an oil futures contract is a barrel. Typically, this will involve a variety of grades, consumed both internationally and in the USA. A typical contract equals 1000 barrels of oil, but for investment portfolio purposes, the agreement dictates 500 barrels of crude oil, and which is half the size of a typical futures contract.

The major exchanges for oil futures contracts are the New York Mercantile Exchange and the Intercontinental Exchange. Trading could be for oil delivery in a few months or several years in the future. Typically, three months is the norm for a contract.

Several types of oil futures contracts exist. A short hedge contract, allows investors to buy futures to sell oil, whilst a long hedge agreement allows investors to buy futures to buy oil. Normally a portfolio includes a mixture of both, and for many years now, there's been an increased interest in oil amongst investors who consider them a better option to stocks.

Oil futures contracts are used most often in the risk management of portfolios. As investors buy and sell a security, they purchase or sell a future security with the opposite risk. This means that losses and gains balance each other and balance the risk in the portfolio between current and future market rates. If a portfolio is balanced there is less risk for loss.

Often times, oil futures contracts are utilized for hedging, particularly among businesses that make products or offer services that use oil, such as a utility company or an airline. But it's difficult to set a price for these products or services because oil prices change so frequently. Buying or selling future contracts for the commodity helps to minimize the risk and address constant fluctuations with oil prices.

Investors who hope to make a profit based on future prices will often speculate with oil futures contracts. Banks and other financial institutions generally make up the majority of speculators and are thus important to the trading market. - 23204

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